THE LIMITATIONS OF BLACK NATIONALISM: GARVEYISM AND THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT IN THE WEST INDIAN DIASPORA. By Renaldo McKenzie
West Indian and Caribbean nationalists, including Garveyites, contributed to the anti-imperialist and decolonization movements and struggles. However, West Indian nationalists broadly did not question capitalism and the class relations of exploitation on which it has rested. In the end, the nationalist movement left the struggle for independence with major deficits, including those nationalist narratives that sought to produce “national literatures based on working class and peasant culture” (Rosenberg 1). When nationalists speak in the name of the working class, they leave the impression of espousing a working class political agenda. However, their project does not break with bourgeois consciousness and they never manage to see a way beyond capitalism. They may imagine ways to reduce foreign penetration, domination and what passes for ‘cultural imperialism,’ however this stance reinforces capitalist class relations and bourgeois ideology while it fails to benefit the ...